Insider Threat Matrix™Insider Threat Matrix™
  • ID: PV064
  • Created: 31st July 2025
  • Updated: 23rd October 2025
  • Platform: Linux
  • MITRE ATT&CK®: M1037
  • Contributor: The ITM Team

Local DNS Sinkhole, Linux

On Linux, the “hosts” file is a text file used by the operating system as a local DNS resolver. It is located at etc\hosts.

 

An entry can be created in this file on a new line in the format “X.X.X.X domain.com”. To sinkhole a domain so that it doesn't resolve, the hosts entry could look like: 127.0.0.1 drive.google.com. If a user account attempted to reach this domain in a browser, the operating system would first check the hosts file, and resolve drive.google.com as 127.0.0.1 (localhost), preventing a valid DNS resolution.

 

Such modifications can prevent requests from reaching DNS infrastructure or network-based logging points (proxy, NGFW), creating a forensic blind spot for investigators. An EDR solution should still detect a network connection being initiated from a process and provide visibility.

Sections

ID Name Description
PR038AI-Assisted Capability Development

A subject uses artificial intelligence systems to acquire knowledge and understanding that enables them to bypass controls, exploit systems, or perform actions outside of their legitimate business needs.

 

This behavior involves interacting with AI tools, such as browser-based assistants or integrated software features, to obtain explanations, procedural guidance, or technical instruction that can be directly applied within the organizational environment. Through iterative prompting, the subject refines their understanding, resolves uncertainties, and develops the capability required to execute actions they would not otherwise be able to perform.

 

Unlike traditional research methods, which rely on static sources and require independent interpretation, AI systems provide responsive, context-aware assistance that accelerates comprehension and reduces the effort required to translate knowledge into action. This allows subjects to overcome technical barriers quickly and operate beyond their expected level of expertise.

 

The defining characteristic of this behavior is the development of actionable capability through AI-assisted understanding, specifically where that capability can be used to defeat controls, circumvent safeguards, or misuse access. The subject is not simply gathering information, but actively building the means to act in a way that conflicts with organizational policy or intent.

 

This preparation technique may support a wide range of downstream behaviors across the matrix, including unauthorized access, data manipulation, process circumvention, or anti-forensic activity. The AI system functions as an on-demand technical guide, enabling the subject to operationalize intent without formal training or prior experience.

IF001.008Exfiltration via File-Sharing Platform

The subject uploads organizational data to a personal or unauthorized file-sharing platform (e.g., Dropbox, Google Drive, WeTransfer, MEGA, or similar) to remove it from controlled environments. This technique is commonly used to bypass endpoint restrictions, avoid detection by traditional DLP systems, and facilitate remote access to stolen data. Uploads may occur through browser sessions, desktop clients, or command-line tools, depending on the sophistication of the subject and the controls in place.

 

Investigators should evaluate whether the data transferred was sensitive, proprietary, or otherwise restricted, and assess whether the subject attempted to conceal or stage the transfer using obfuscation or anti-forensics techniques.

ME006.008Generative AI Websites

A subject can access generative AI websites.

PR040.001Testing Data Transfer Controls

A subject conducts a limited transfer of non-sensitive or low-value data to determine whether organizational controls detect, block, quarantine, or escalate the activity.

 

The subject may send a file to a personal email account, upload content to an unapproved cloud storage service, transfer data through a messaging platform, or use another external destination before attempting a larger or more sensitive transfer. They may vary the file type, size, classification, destination, compression, encryption, or transfer method to identify which conditions trigger Data Loss Prevention (DLP), web proxy, email gateway, or cloud access security controls.

 

The behavior may include a pause after the test while the subject waits to determine whether security personnel, management, or another authority responds. A successful test may establish a viable exfiltration route or reveal thresholds that can be avoided during a later infringement.

PR040.004Testing Network Security Controls

A subject performs limited network activity to determine whether firewalls, network segmentation, Domain Name System filtering, web proxies, intrusion detection systems, or protocol restrictions identify or block the connection.

 

The subject may attempt to reach a prohibited domain, connect to a restricted port, access another network segment, use an unapproved protocol, configure a proxy, or send a small amount of traffic through a normally restricted route. The objective is to establish whether the network path is available and whether the activity produces an alert or investigative response.

 

Testing may be repeated across different destinations, ports, protocols, systems, or times of day. A subject may use the results to select a less monitored network route, bypass segmentation, communicate with external infrastructure, or prepare a data-transfer channel.