Unrestricted Software Installation

By only allowing pre-approved software to be installed and run on corporate devices, the subject is unable to install software themselves.

The Principle of Least Privilege should be enforced, and period reviews of permissions conducted to ensure that accounts have the minimum level of access required to complete duties as per their role.

Windows Jump Lists are a feature that provides quick access to recently or frequently used files.

LNK files or Shortcut files are stored in the location C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent Items and have the “.lnk” file extension.

These files are automatically created when a user account accesses a file through Windows Explorer.

This artifact can provide information as to when a file was accessed, modified, and created, the file path and name, and the file size. .LNK files persist even if the actual file has been deleted, helping to uncover if a file has been accessed then subsequently deleted or moved as it is no longer present in the recorded full file path.

In modern versions of the Windows operating system, the prefetch feature serves an important function in speeding up the run time of applications. It does this by creating a cache of information on an application on its first run that is is stored for later reference in c:\windows\prefetch, these files are created with the extension .pf and have the following format <EXECUTABLE>-<HASH>.pf.

These created files contain the created and modified timestamps of the respective file, the file size, process path, how many times it has been run, the last time it was run, and resources it references in the first 10 seconds of execution.

Since every executable that is run will have a prefetch file created when the feature is enabled, the prefetch directory and the contents within it can offer new and valuable insights during an investigation, particularly when the original executable no longer exists.